Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Enzyme-Electrode Interfaces: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Keywords:
Microbial Electrochemical Systems, Electron Transfer Mechanisms, Direc Electron Transfer, Mediated Electron Transfer, Enzyme-Electrode InterfacesAbstract
In the realm of microbial electrochemical systems (MESs), understanding the electron transfer mechanisms between bacteria and solid electrodes is pivotal for harnessing their potential in various applications. This systematic review delves into the intricate interplay of direct and mediated electron transfer processes at enzyme-electrode interfaces. We explore the fundamental principles governing direct electron transfer (DET) and mediated electron transfer (MET) mechanisms, elucidating their distinct advantages and limitations. The review highlights how DET capitalizes on nanowires and outer membrane cytochromes for efficient electron exchange, while MET relies on redox-active mediators as intermediaries. A comprehensive analysis of enzymatic reactions and substrate oxidations underpins the roles of DET and MET, shedding light on their applicability in microbial fuel cells, biosensors, and bioremediation strategies. Furthermore, we scrutinize factors influencing electron transfer efficiency, such as electrode surface modifications, enzyme immobilization techniques, and mediator selection. By critically evaluating recent advancements and challenges, this review offers insights into enhancing MES performance, informing the design of bioelectrochemical systems that bridge biological and electrochemical domains. Ultimately, this synthesis contributes to the refinement of microbial-electrode interfaces, unlocking novel avenues for sustainable bioenergy and environmental technologies.
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