SAINSTEK International Journal on Applied Science, Advanced Technology and Informatics

Advancements in Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water using Modified Biosolid Biochars: Adsorption-Desorption Behavior and Recyclability

2025-06-18T04:02:48+00:00

In the pursuit of safe drinking water, mitigating the perilous impact of arsenic contamination has gained paramount significance. The research on effective remediation methods is pivotal, particularly in comprehending the adsorption and desorption dynamics of arsenate (AsV) on modified biochars. This study investigates the adsorption and desorption tendencies of AsV utilizing biosolid-derived biochars, subject to modification with either single iron (Fe) or combined zirconium and iron (Zr–Fe). The biochars, namely Fe-chips (FeBSBC), Fe-salt (FeCl₃BSBC), and Zr–Fe-salt (Zr–FeCl₃BSBC) modified, were subjected to rigorous examination through various analytical techniques. Notably, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the conversion of pentavalent AsV to the more hazardous trivalent AsIII form with FeCl₃BSBC and Zr–FeCl₃BSBC modifications. Equilibrium adsorption studies indicated substantial increases in AsV adsorption capacities, reaching 27.4 mg/g (pH 5) for FeBSBC, 29.77 mg/g (pH 5) for FeCl₃BSBC, and 67.28 mg/g (pH 6) for Zr–FeCl₃BSBC. Co-existing anions exhibited a varying influence on AsV removal efficacy. Moreover, a positive correlation with temperature demonstrated the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Desorption and recyclability experiments exhibited the potential of the modified biochars for multiple cycles of AsV removal. This investigation presents a comprehensive insight into arsenic remediation through modified biosolid biochars, elucidating their adsorption behavior, recyclability, and potential for sustainable water purification solutions.

Advances in Adsorption and Recovery Techniques for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Tannery Wastewater Using Magnetic MAX Phase Composites: An Overview of Recent Progress

2025-06-18T04:08:08+00:00

This comprehensive review paper focuses on the recent advancements in the field of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal from tannery wastewater through adsorption and recovery processes, employing magnetic MAX phase composites. Tannery wastewater is a significant environmental concern due to its high Cr(VI) content and associated hazards. The utilization of magnetic MAX phase composites as adsorbents offers numerous benefits, including enhanced adsorption capacity and facile separation via magnetic retrieval. This review discusses the synthesis methods of magnetic MAX phase composites, highlighting their structural characteristics and surface properties that contribute to effective Cr(VI) adsorption. The adsorption mechanisms and influential factors are critically analyzed, shedding light on the complex interactions between the adsorbent and Cr(VI) species. Furthermore, strategies for regenerating the adsorbent and recovering the adsorbed Cr(VI) are explored, emphasizing the sustainable reusability of the magnetic composites. The challenges and opportunities in the practical application of these composites for large-scale tannery wastewater treatment are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the state-of-the-art research on utilizing magnetic MAX phase composites for efficient and eco-friendly Cr(VI) removal, offering a pathway towards more effective and sustainable tannery wastewater management.

Advances in Photosynthesis-Derived Bioelectricity Generation: Integration of Thylakoid Membranes and Osmium-Redox-Polymer Modified Electrodes

2025-06-18T04:12:05+00:00

In this review paper, we present significant advancements in the field of photosynthesis-derived bioelectricity generation through the integration of thylakoid membranes (TMs) with osmium-redox-polymer modified electrodes. TMs, with their unique structure and composition optimized for photosynthesis, hold great potential for sustainable energy conversion. Despite the prevailing focus on isolated photosynthetic reaction centers (PRCs), the intricate nature of whole TMs and their communication with electrode surfaces has received limited attention. Here, we propose a novel approach that bridges this gap, enabling the generation of bioelectricity upon illuminating TMs connected to graphite electrodes modified with osmium-redox-polymer. This strategy facilitates efficient electron transfer from photosynthetic processes to the electrode, resulting in a remarkable photocurrent density of 42.4 μA cm−2. This review not only highlights the untapped potential of TMs as renewable energy sources but also underscores the significance of intricate biological-electrode interactions. The reported findings provide a crucial foundation for advancing photosynthesis-based energy conversion technologies and offer insights into harnessing biological processes for practical applications. The integration of TMs and modified electrodes marks a pioneering step towards sustainable and bioinspired energy generation.

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Oxide Coatings through the Incorporation of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets: Insights from Recent Studies

2025-06-18T04:16:13+00:00

This study presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coatings, focusing on the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to enhance their mechanical properties. The review systematically examines the fabrication techniques of these composite coatings, particularly utilizing the atmospheric plasma spray technique for their deposition onto low carbon steel substrates. The effects of CNT and GNP content on the densification, relative hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the coatings are critically evaluated. The synergistic interaction between CNTs and GNPs leads to remarkable improvements in mechanical properties, with a significant increase in densification up to 97% of theoretical density. The addition of CNTs and GNPs results in a substantial enhancement in relative hardness by 52%, and elastic modulus by 48%. Most notably, the fracture toughness demonstrates an exceptional improvement of 200%, attributed to various toughening mechanisms including bridging, crack deflection, and interlocking provided by CNTs and GNPs. This systematic review provides valuable insights into the design and performance of advanced Al2O3 coatings reinforced with CNTs and GNPs, offering a promising avenue for the development of high-performance materials with enhanced mechanical characteristics.

Advancements in Electrode Materials and Applications: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

2025-06-18T04:19:54+00:00

In the context of advancing sustainable energy technologies, this comprehensive review paper systematically surveys recent developments in electrode materials for supercapacitors and their corresponding advanced applications. The review highlights the pivotal role of electrode materials in enhancing energy storage and delivery in supercapacitor systems. A meticulous examination of various electrode materials, including carbon-based materials, metal oxides, conducting polymers, and hybrid composites, underscores their distinctive electrochemical properties and performance metrics. The abstractive synthesis of key findings from a wide spectrum of studies illuminates the intricate interplay between material properties, electrochemical behavior, and the resulting supercapacitor performance. The review further delves into the innovative applications that leverage these advanced electrode materials, encompassing fields such as portable electronics, renewable energy integration, and electric vehicles. Through a critical analysis of the current state-of-the-art, this review identifies emerging trends and research gaps in the field, providing valuable insights for future material design, system integration, and performance optimization in the realm of supercapacitor technology. As the world transitions towards cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions, this review offers a comprehensive resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers working towards harnessing the potential of advanced electrode materials in shaping the future of energy storage and utilization.